Industry Guide

ePrivacy for Technology

Industry-specific guidance on ePrivacy compliance for technology organisations. Understand the requirements, risk level, and key obligations that apply to your sector.

Compliance Risk Level

High Risk

This industry faces extensive regulatory obligations and heightened supervisory scrutiny.

About ePrivacy

The EU directive governing privacy in electronic communications, covering cookies, direct marketing, traffic data, and the confidentiality of communications — often called the "Cookie Law".

Effective: 31 July 2002Max penalty: Determined by national law (no harmonised maximum) or Varies by member state transposition
Full ePrivacy overview

ePrivacy Impact on Technology

Technology companies face some of the most complex compliance obligations in the EU regulatory landscape. As both data processors and controllers — often handling vast volumes of personal data across multiple jurisdictions — tech firms must navigate GDPR's extraterritorial reach, NIS2's digital infrastructure requirements, the AI Act's obligations for AI system providers, and ePrivacy's electronic communications rules. SaaS providers, cloud platforms, social media companies, and ad-tech firms all face heightened scrutiny from EU regulators, particularly on issues of consent, data transfers, transparency, and algorithmic accountability.

Key ePrivacy Requirements for Technology

1Implement GDPR data protection by design and by default in all products
2Conduct Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs) for high-risk processing
3Ensure valid, freely-given consent mechanisms for cookies and tracking
4Classify AI systems by risk level and comply with relevant AI Act tier
5Implement NIS2 cybersecurity measures if classified as digital infrastructure
6Maintain records of processing activities across all services
7Appoint a Data Protection Officer (DPO) if processing data at scale
8Ensure GDPR-compliant international data transfer mechanisms

Key ePrivacy Articles for Technology

Art. 5

Confidentiality of communications

Establishes the fundamental right to confidentiality of electronic communications, prohibiting interception and surveillance. Also contains the cookie consent requirement (paragraph 3).

Art. 5(3)

Cookie consent requirement

Requires prior informed consent for storing information (cookies, pixels, fingerprinting) on user devices. Exempts cookies strictly necessary for requested services and transmission.

Art. 6

Traffic data

Requires erasure or anonymisation of traffic data when no longer needed for communication transmission or billing. Further processing requires user consent.

Art. 9

Location data other than traffic data

Location data may only be processed with consent or after anonymisation. Users must be informed of data types, purposes, duration, and whether data is shared with third parties.

Art. 13

Unsolicited communications (spam)

Requires opt-in consent for electronic direct marketing. Permits soft opt-in for existing customers receiving marketing about similar products, with easy opt-out in every message.

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Other Regulations Affecting Technology

ePrivacy for Other Industries

ePrivacy for Technology — Compliance Guide | Viktoria Compliance | Viktoria Compliance